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  Biotechnology is a multi-disciplinary and transformative field that sits at the nexus of biology, chemistry, and technology.  Essentially, biotechnology utilizes cellular and biomolecular processes to develop technologies and products that help make our planet and lives healthier.  From the creation of life-enhancing drugs and sustainable biofuels to boosting agricultural production and developing biodegradable products, biotechnology has transformed industries and societies at large. This comprehensive guide addresses what biotechnology is, how it was invented, its applications, its ethical ramifications, and its likely future based on the insight and progress featured in Nature Biotechnology, a leading scientific publication in the field. Defining Biotechnology: Biotechnology is loosely defined as using living organisms or components of them (like enzymes and DNA) to make or produce useful products.  It involves multiple biotechnologies for controlling living org...

  Agriculture has provided the foundation for human civilization for thousands of years.  From the ancient natural manures and primitive hand tools, farmers have progressed to mechanized systems, chemical inputs, and currently highly advanced biotechnological tools.  One of the most radical driving forces in agriculture currently is biotechnology a discipline that utilizes biological systems, organisms, or components to design or modify products and processes for specific uses. In agriculture, biotechnology is not just a trend it is a necessity.  With the population of the world expected to grow to 10 billion by the year 2050, food production has to be fundamentally boosted.  At the same time, land for agriculture is dwindling, climate change is disrupting the natural patterns of farming, and natural resources like water are dwindling.  Biotechnology offers hope for solutions to such issues through enhanced productivity in crops, improved resistance to pest...